Lansium reference charts
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References for sorting out really heavy elements.
Subshells
| Subshell label | ℓ | Max electrons | Shells containing it | Historical name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| s | 0 | 2 | Every shell | sharp |
| p | 1 | 6 | 2nd shell and higher | principal |
| d | 2 | 10 | 3rd shell and higher | diffuse |
| f | 3 | 14 | 4th shell and higher | fundamental |
| g | 4 | 18 | 5th shell and higher (theoretically) | (next in alphabet after f) |
| h | 5 | 22 | 6th shell and higher (theoretically) | (next in alphabet after g) |
| i | 6 | 26 | 7th shell and higher (theoretically) | (next in alphabet after h) |
| j | 7 | 32 | 8th shell and higher (theoretically) | (next in alphabet after i) |
Number of electrons in each shell
The number of filled cells is the number of electrons at the level. Red color indicates sublevel s; orange - p; yellow - d; green - f; blue - g; indigo - h; violet - i
| Shell name |
Level | Subshell name |
Subshell max electrons |
Shell max electrons |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | 0 | 1s | 2 | 2 |
| L | 1 | 2s | 2 | 2 + 6 = 8 |
| 2p | 6 | |||
| M | 2 | 3s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 = 18 |
| 3p | 6 | |||
| 3d | 10 | |||
| N | 3 | 4s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 = 32 |
| 4p | 6 | |||
| 4d | 10 | |||
| 4f | 14 | |||
| O | 4 | 5s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 = 50 |
| 5p | 6 | |||
| 5d | 10 | |||
| 5f | 14 | |||
| 5g | 18 | |||
| P | 5 | 6s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22 = 72 |
| 6p | 6 | |||
| 6d | 10 | |||
| 6f | 14 | |||
| 6g | 18 | |||
| 6h | 22 | |||
| Q | 6 | 7s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22 + 26 = 98 |
| 7p | 6 | |||
| 7d | 10 | |||
| 7f | 14 | |||
| 7g | 18 | |||
| 7h | 22 | |||
| 7i | 26 | |||
| R | 7 | 8s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22 + 26 + 30 = 128 |
| 8p | 6 | |||
| 8d | 10 | |||
| 8f | 14 | |||
| 8g | 18 | |||
| 8h | 22 | |||
| 8i | 26 | |||
| 8j | 30 | |||
| S | 8 | 9s | 2 | 2 + 6 + 10 + 14 + 18 + 22 + 26 + 30 + 34 = 162 |
| 9p | 6 | |||
| 9d | 10 | |||
| 9f | 14 | |||
| 9g | 18 | |||
| 9h | 22 | |||
| 9i | 26 | |||
| 9j | 30 | |||
| 9k | 34 |
Each subshell is constrained to hold 4ℓ + 2 electrons at most, namely:
- Each s subshell holds at most 2 electrons
- Each p subshell holds at most 6 electrons
- Each d subshell holds at most 10 electrons
- Each f subshell holds at most 14 electrons
- Each g subshell holds at most 18 electrons
- Each h subshell holds at most 22 electrons
- Each i subshell holds at most 26 electrons
- Each j subshell holds at most 30 electrons
- Each k subshell holds at most 34 electrons
List of elements with electrons per shell
| Z | Element | No. of electrons/shell | Group |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hydrogen | 1 | 1 |
| 2 | Helium | 2 | 18 |
| 3 | Lithium | 2, 1 | 1 |
| 4 | Beryllium | 2, 2 | 2 |
| 5 | Boron | 2, 3 | 13 |
| 6 | Carbon | 2, 4 | 14 |
| 7 | Nitrogen | 2, 5 | 15 |
| 8 | Oxygen | 2, 6 | 16 |
| 9 | Fluorine | 2, 7 | 17 |
| 10 | Neon | 2, 8 | 18 |
| 11 | Sodium | 2, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 12 | Magnesium | 2, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 13 | Aluminium | 2, 8, 3 | 13 |
| 14 | Silicon | 2, 8, 4 | 14 |
| 15 | Phosphorus | 2, 8, 5 | 15 |
| 16 | Sulfur | 2, 8, 6 | 16 |
| 17 | Chlorine | 2, 8, 7 | 17 |
| 18 | Argon | 2, 8, 8 | 18 |
| 19 | Potassium | 2, 8, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 20 | Calcium | 2, 8, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 21 | Scandium | 2, 8, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 22 | Titanium | 2, 8, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 23 | Vanadium | 2, 8, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 24 | Chromium | 2, 8, 13, 1 | 6 |
| 25 | Manganese | 2, 8, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 26 | Iron | 2, 8, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 27 | Cobalt | 2, 8, 15, 2 | 9 |
| 28 | Nickel | 2, 8, 16, 2 | 10 |
| 29 | Copper | 2, 8, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 30 | Zinc | 2, 8, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 31 | Gallium | 2, 8, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 32 | Germanium | 2, 8, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 33 | Arsenic | 2, 8, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 34 | Selenium | 2, 8, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 35 | Bromine | 2, 8, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 36 | Krypton | 2, 8, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 37 | Rubidium | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 38 | Strontium | 2, 8, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 39 | Yttrium | 2, 8, 18, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 40 | Zirconium | 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 41 | Niobium | 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 | 5 |
| 42 | Molybdenum | 2, 8, 18, 13, 1 | 6 |
| 43 | Technetium | 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 44 | Ruthenium | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 | 8 |
| 45 | Rhodium | 2, 8, 18, 16, 1 | 9 |
| 46 | Palladium | 2, 8, 18, 18 | 10 |
| 47 | Silver | 2, 8, 18, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 48 | Cadmium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 49 | Indium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 50 | Tin | 2, 8, 18, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 51 | Antimony | 2, 8, 18, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 52 | Tellurium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 53 | Iodine | 2, 8, 18, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 54 | Xenon | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 55 | Caesium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 56 | Barium | 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 57 | Lanthanum | 2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 58 | Cerium | 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 | |
| 59 | Praseodymium | 2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2 | |
| 60 | Neodymium | 2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2 | |
| 61 | Promethium | 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 | |
| 62 | Samarium | 2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2 | |
| 63 | Europium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 8, 2 | |
| 64 | Gadolinium | 2, 8, 18, 25, 9, 2 | |
| 65 | Terbium | 2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2 | |
| 66 | Dysprosium | 2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2 | |
| 67 | Holmium | 2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2 | |
| 68 | Erbium | 2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2 | |
| 69 | Thulium | 2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2 | |
| 70 | Ytterbium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 | |
| 71 | Lutetium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2 | |
| 72 | Hafnium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 73 | Tantalum | 2, 8, 18, 32, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 74 | Tungsten | 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 | 6 |
| 75 | Rhenium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 76 | Osmium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 77 | Iridium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2 | 9 |
| 78 | Platinum | 2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1 | 10 |
| 79 | Gold | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1 | 11 |
| 80 | Mercury | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 | 12 |
| 81 | Thallium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 | 13 |
| 82 | Lead | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4 | 14 |
| 83 | Bismuth | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 | 15 |
| 84 | Polonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 | 16 |
| 85 | Astatine | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 | 17 |
| 86 | Radon | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 | 18 |
| 87 | Francium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 88 | Radium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 89 | Actinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 | 3 |
| 90 | Thorium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 10, 2 | |
| 91 | Protactinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2 | |
| 92 | Uranium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 21, 9, 2 | |
| 93 | Neptunium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 | |
| 94 | Plutonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 | |
| 95 | Americium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 | |
| 96 | Curium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 | |
| 97 | Berkelium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 | |
| 98 | Californium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 | |
| 99 | Einsteinium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 | |
| 100 | Fermium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 | |
| 101 | Mendelevium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 | |
| 102 | Nobelium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 | |
| 103 | Lawrencium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3 | |
| 104 | Rutherfordium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 | 4 |
| 105 | Dubnium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 | 5 |
| 106 | Seaborgium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 | 6 |
| 107 | Bohrium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 | 7 |
| 108 | Hassium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 | 8 |
| 109 | Meitnerium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 (?) | 9 |
| 110 | Darmstadtium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 (?) | 10 |
| 111 | Roentgenium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2 (?) | 11 |
| 112 | Copernicium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 2 (?) | 12 |
| 113 | Nihonium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 3 (?) | 13 |
| 114 | Flerovium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 4 (?) | 14 |
| 115 | Moscovium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5 (?) | 15 |
| 116 | Livermorium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6 (?) | 16 |
| 117 | Tennessine | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 (?) | 17 |
| 118 | Oganesson | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 (?) | 18 |
| 119 | Ununennium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 1 | 1 |
| 120 | Unbinilium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 2 | 2 |
| 121 | Unbiunium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8, 3 | 3 |
| 122 | Unbibium | ||
| 123 | Unbitrium | ||
| 124 | Unbiquadium | ||
| 125 | Unbipentium | ||
| 126 | Unbihexium | ||
| 127 | Unbiseptium | ||
| 128 | Enslium | ||
| 129 | Unbiennium | ||
| 130 | Untrinilium | ||
| 131 | Untriunium | ||
| 132 | Untribium | ||
| 133 | Untritrium | ||
| 134 | Untriquadium | ||
| 135 | Untripentium | ||
| 136 | Untrihexium | 4 | |
| 137 | Feynmanium | 5 | |
| 138 | Untrioctium | 6 | |
| 139 | Untriennium | 7 | |
| 140 | Unquadnilium | 8 | |
| 141 | Unquadunium | 9 | |
| 142 | Unquadbium | 10 | |
| 143 | Unquadtrium | 11 | |
| 144 | Unquadquadium | 12 | |
| 145 | Unquadpentium | 13 | |
| 146 | Unquadhexium | 14 | |
| 147 | Unquadseptium | 15 | |
| 148 | Unquadoctium | 16 | |
| 149 | Unquadennium | 17 | |
| 150 | Lansium | 18 | |
| 151 | Unpentunium | 1 | |
| 152 | Unpentbium | 2 | |
| 153 | Unpenttrium | 3 | |
| 154 | Unpentquadium | ||
| 155 | Khazanium | ||
| 156 | Unpenthexium | ||
| 157 | Unpentseptium | ||
| 158 | Unpentoctium | ||
| 159 | Unpentennium | ||
| 160 | Unhexnilium | ||
| 161 | Unhexunium | ||
| 162 | Unhexbium | ||
| 163 | Unhextrium | ||
| 164 | Unhexquadium | ||
| 165 | Unhexpentium | ||
| 166 | Unhexhexium | ||
| 167 | Unhexseptium | ||
| 168 | Unhexoctium | 4 | |
| 169 | Unhexennium | 5 | |
| 170 | Unseptnilium | 6 | |
| 171 | Unseptunium | 7 | |
| 172 | Unseptbium | 8 | |
| 173 | Unsepttrium | 9 |
External links
- Extended periodic table (Wikipedia)